Perses (Π.Α. 9.334)

The πενέσται were mainly known as the Thessalian serfs or villains, like the Eilotes in Laconia. It was also a district on the borders of Macedonia and Illyria. According to Cartledge and Olshausen (Brill, NP, 2006), the word is etymologically connected to πένης (pénēs), 'poor'.